A meconium-stained, nonvigorous girl was born at 41 weeks of
gestation via normal, spontaneous vaginal delivery to a 30-year-old, gravida 1,
para 1 mother. The maternal history and prenatal laboratory test results were
unremarkable. Meconium suction from the neonate’s airway and positive pressure
ventilation for 30 seconds were provided according to the American Academy of
Pediatrics/American Heart Association Neonatal Resuscitation Program guideline.
The girl’s Apgar score was 4 at 1 minute and 8 at 5 minutes.
She was transferred to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) due to delayed
fetal-to-neonatal transition. In the NICU, the patient’s vital signs were
stable. Oxygenation at 4 L/min was administered via a high-flow nasal cannula
for 6 hours to reduce desaturation. The results of chest radiographs and a
complete blood count were normal. Antibiotics were started pending blood
culture results.
At 24 hours of age, the newborn developed twitching on the
left face, lasting 60 seconds, with eye blinking and jerking arm movements. A
loading dose and a maintenance dose of phenobarbital were given. Results of
cerebrospinal fluid studies were unremarkable.
At 40 hours of age, diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance
imaging (MRI) revealed restricted diffusion in the right frontal lobe cortex,
basal ganglia, thalamus, and occipital lobes representing an ischemic infarct.
Electroencephalography demonstrated localized sharp-wave activity in the right
temporal area.
The results of magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) showed
no vascular malformation , but contrast enhancement in the right frontal lobe
suggested arterial ischemic stroke.
Further evaluation with echocardiography, chromosome
analysis, newborn screening tests, and tests for levels of serum lactic acid,
plasma homocysteine, plasma amino acids, and urine organic acids revealed
normal results. Hematologic evaluation revealed normal results for prothrombin
time, partial thromboplastin time, international normalized ratio, antithrombin
III activity, and protein C and S activity. Results of a factor V DNA genetic
screening test were positive for heterozygous factor V Leiden mutation R506Q…
The etiology of arterial ischemic stroke in this infant was
attributed to factor V Leiden heterozygous mutation. To our knowledge, 6 cases
of perinatal stroke have been reported in association with factor V Leiden
mutation, and all 6 involved hemorrhagic infarction…
Our patient had normal cognitive and motor development at
follow-up at 15 months of age.
Factor V Leiden mutation causing neonatal stroke, while
rare, should be considered in the broad differential diagnosis of neonatal
focal seizures.
https://www.consultant360.com/articles/neonatal-stroke-induced-factor-v-leiden-mutation
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