Pieter H.H. Janssen, Jay Mandrekar, PhD, Michelle M. Mielke,
PhD, J. Eric Ahlskog, PhD, MD, Bradley F. Boeve, MD, Keith Josephs, MD, Rodolfo
Savica. High School Football and
Late-Life Risk of Neurodegenerative Syndromes, 1956-1970. Mayo Clinic
Proceedings. In press.
Abstract
Objective
To assess whether athletes who played American varsity high
school football between 1956 and 1970 have an increased risk of
neurodegenerative diseases later in life.
Patients and Methods
We identified all male varsity football players between 1956
and 1970 in the public high schools of Rochester, Minnesota, and
non–football-playing male varsity swimmers, wrestlers, and basketball players.
Using the medical records linkage system of the Rochester Epidemiology Project,
we ascertained the incidence of late-life neurodegenerative diseases: dementia,
parkinsonism, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We also recorded medical
record–documented head trauma during high school years.
Results
We identified 296 varsity football players and 190 athletes
engaging in other sports. Football players had an increased risk of medically
documented head trauma, especially if they played football for more than 1
year. Compared with nonfootball athletes, football players did not have an
increased risk of neurodegenerative disease overall or of the individual
conditions of dementia, parkinsonism, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Conclusion
In this community-based study, varsity high school football
players from 1956 to 1970 did not have an increased risk of neurodegenerative
diseases compared with athletes engaged in other varsity sports. This was from
an era when there was a generally nihilistic view of concussion dangers, less
protective equipment, and no prohibition of spearing (head-first tackling).
However, the size and strength of players from previous eras may not be
comparable with that of current high school athletes.
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