Gonzalez A, Hyde E, Sangwan N, Gilbert JA, Viirre E, Knight
R. Migraines Are Correlated with Higher Levels of Nitrate-, Nitrite-, and
Nitric Oxide-Reducing Oral Microbes in the American Gut Project Cohort. mSystems.
2016 Oct 18;1(5).
Abstract
Nitrates, such as cardiac therapeutics and food additives,
are common headache triggers, with nitric oxide playing an important role.
Facultative anaerobic bacteria in the oral cavity may contribute
migraine-triggering levels of nitric oxide through the salivary
nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway. Using high-throughput sequencing
technologies, we detected observable and significantly higher abundances of
nitrate, nitrite, and nitric oxide reductase genes in migraineurs versus
nonmigraineurs in samples collected from the oral cavity and a slight but significant
difference in fecal samples. IMPORTANCE Recent work has demonstrated a
potentially symbiotic relationship between oral commensal bacteria and humans
through the salivary nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway (C. Duncan et al.,
Nat Med 1:546-551, 1995, http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm0695-546). Oral
nitrate-reducing bacteria contribute physiologically relevant levels of nitrite
and nitric oxide to the human host that may have positive downstream effects on
cardiovascular health (V. Kapil et al., Free Radic Biol Med 55:93-100, 2013,
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.11.013). In the work presented
here, we used 16S rRNA Illumina sequencing to determine whether a connection
exists between oral nitrate-reducing bacteria, nitrates for cardiovascular
disease, and migraines, which are a common side effect of nitrate medications
(U. Thadani and T. Rodgers, Expert Opin Drug Saf 5:667-674, 2006, http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/14740338.5.5.667).
Courtesy of: http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/870810
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